Gemology or gemmology is the science dealing with natural and artificial gemstone materials. It is considered a geoscience and a branch of mineralogy. Some jewelers are academically trained gemologists and are qualified to identify and evaluate gems.

General identification of gems

Gem identification is basically a process of elimination. Gemstones of similar color undergo non-destructive optical testing until there is only one possible identity. Any single test is indicative, only

DIAMOND GRADING involves evaluation the qualities of individual diamond and deciding how its qualities reflect its rarity and value.

Diamond Value is based on the four Cs-four factors that, in combination, provide a way to discuss diamond and to compare one diamond to another. The Four C’s are clarity, color, cut, and carat weight.

CLARITY is the relative absence of clarity characteristics, which are inclusions and blemishes. Inclusions are totally enclosed in a diamond or extend into it from the surface. Inclusions normally have more impact on a diamond’s beauty and value. Diamonds without clarity characteristics are extremely rare, which makes them extremely valuable.

COLOR relates to the amount of bodycolor in diamond. Truly colorless diamonds are extremely rare and valuable. Most diamond used in jewelry are near-colorless, with at least some trace of yellow or brown. With near-colorless diamonds, more color usually means higher value.

CUT includes a diamond’s proportions and finish. A well-cut diamond captures the light around it and makes the light perform in breathtaking ways. Cut also refers to shape. Diamond shapes include round and fancy cuts.

CARAT weight is simply the weight of a diamond. Diamonds are weighed in metric carats. Depending on quality, large diamonds are rarer and more valuable than smaller ones.

GEM STONES : A mineral or organic material used in adornment that possesses beauty, rarity, and durability.

BEAUTY

Beauty is a combination of qualities that delight the senses or appeal to the mind. In other beauty might not cause everybody to react the same way, but it will cause everybody to react-it will have visual appeal.

Beauty comprises of:

  • A. Color:
  • B. Symmetry:
  • C. Surface Appearance/ Luster:

RARITY

Rarity, is a sliding scale, meaning some gems are more rare than others. Rarity doesn’t always make a stone valuable. A stone might be beautiful, durable and rare but still may not be in demand because very few people know about it, or it might be very scarce.

Durability

Durability is a combination factors :
  • Hardness : “How well a gemstone resists scratches and abrasion.”
  • Toughness : “How well a gemstone resists breaking, chipping and cracking. ”
  • Stability : “How well a gemstone resists the effect of light, heat, and chemicals.

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